The theme of this hall is the 18th century with the enactment of the Bourbon Reforms and with the problems these reforms led to the New Spain with regard to its relations with the metropolis. Its purpose was the introduction of new paradigms of a liberal system to achieve greater wealth by Spain from its colonies. As a result, from 1810 until 1821, it was developed an independence movement in the New Spain which searched for the consolidation of a new identity and above all, a nation.

This room ends in the events of the war between Mexico and the United States (1846-48), which resulted in the loss of a vast amount of Mexican territory, being this event one of the most important in the history of the country.